Ore crusher and concentrator.



v0. 0. HASKELL. ORE CRUS'HER AND CONCENTRATOR.

APPLICATION. HLED DEC-28. 1914.

1,200,104. Patented Oct. 3,1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

C. O. HASKELL.

ORE CRUSHER AND CONCENTRATOR.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.28. I914.

' Patented Oct. 3,1916.

3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

canvas 0. HASKELL, or LOS enemas, camronma, ASSIGNOB T0 cnn'rnmnen.mcnmnmz comrm, or LOS ANGELES, cauroxm, a CORPORATION or cm- FOBNIA.

ORE CB USHEB AND OONCENTRATOB.

Application filed December 28, 1914. Serial No. 879,289. Y Y

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES O. HAS- KELL, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and Stateof California, have in-' verized and separated, the concentrates beingdischarged at one point and the tailings at another point. 7

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a strong, substantialand very efficient and practical crushing and concentrating machinewhich will readily handle ore in any form, and which will crush,pulverize and separate the ore so that the con-- centrates may bedischarged through one opening and the tailings and dust through anotheropening.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine of this naturewhich makes use of an air current to carry off the dust with thetailings through one discharge opening and to also prevent grit and dustcollecting on the axles of the grinding mechanism.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine in which manyof the parts are both reversible and interchangeable, and a machinewhich may be easily assembled, and in which worn parts may be easilyrenewed.

lVith these and other objects in view, the invention consists in certainnovel features of COIlStIUCUGR, combination and arrangement of parts aswill be hereinafter fully described, illustrated and claimed.

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view through the machine. Fig. 2 is asection on the plane of line 2--2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a verticalsection on the plane of line 33 of Fig. 2, showing one of the airpassages formed in the casing wall. I Fig. 4 is a fragmentary horizontalsectional view taken on the plane of line 4-4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is adetail view showing an axle and an arm of the machine. Fig. 6 is'adetail view of one of the hammers. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of oneof the axles on which the hammers are mounted. Fig. 8 is a perspectiveview showing a portion of the casing lining and a portion of two of theplate abutments. Fig. 9 is a. transverse sectional view throughiaslightly modified form of my crushing machine. Fig. 10 is a longitudinalsectional view on the plane of line 1010 of Fig. 9.

In general, the crushing, pulverizing and concentrating machine formingthe subject matter-of the present application comprises a casm having aconcave grinding surface, dlscharge openings and abutments; grindingmechanism operable within said caslng; and means for setting up an aircurrent which will carry off the dust from the interior of the casingand prevent dirt and dust settling on the axles of the grindingmechanism.

Referring in detail to the drawings by numerals, 1 designates as anentirety the casing of the machine, and this casing is Patented Oct. 3,1916.-

preferably formed of a lower section 2 and an upper section 3. The loweror base sec -t1on is preferably a casting and is formed with a curvedlower wall 3 having a con cave inner face and side walls 4, 5. The wall3? is cut away adjacent one end to form a discharge opening 6, and thisopening is covered by a'screen 7. A spout or hood 8 is formed externallyof the casing about the opening 7, and is designed to be connected to aclosed tank, not shown, when the machine is in operation. It is throughthis spout that concentrates are discharged, as will be hereinafterexplained.

The upper section 2 rests upon the lower section and completes thecrushing and pulverizing chamber 9. This upper section is formed withside walls 10 and 11, the latter being removable, and an end wall 13.The

' This opening is covered by a screen .20 and is surrounded by adischarge spout 21, which is designed to be connected to an open tank,not shown. The interior walls of the casing sections, as shown, for thepurposeof facilitating insertion and removal, and thislining serves tosupport aplurality of plate abutments 23. As clearly shown in Figs. 1and 8, the sides of the lining are cut away in step formation to provideshoulders 24, and the shoulders support the plate abutments 23.Referring to Fig. 1, it will be seen that each abutment is somewhatwider than the next lower one, and therefore when the abutments becomeworn, they may be removed and fitted in a lower position, and thus usedagain. This is one of the important features of my invention, since itmakes for economy' and practicability. The arrangement whereby eachabutment is smaller than the one next higher makes it unnecessary toprovide bolts or other fastening means, and therefore the machine may bevery quickly assembled in so far as this particular feature isconcerned.

A shaft 25 extends transversely through the crushing chamber 9, and hasrigidly secured thereto by means of a key 26, a circular hub 27 of lesswidth than the distance between the side walls 28 of the lining 22.

The hub carries a plurality of axles 29- which extend transverselytherethrough, which are arranged in a circle concentric with the shaft25, and which extend a slight distance beyond the side faces of the hub.The terminal portions of the axles are tapered inwardly from their ends,as indicated by the numeral 30, and is clearly shown in Fig. 7. Aplurality of spherical hammers 31 having axles 32 similar in allrespects to the axles 29 are provided, and these last mentioned axlesare connected to the axles 29 by means of arms 33 which have circularopenings 34' adjacent their terminals to receive the inwardly taperedend portions of the axles. The openings in the arms are taperedinwardly, as best shown in Fig. 2, but the smallest diameter of theseopenings is greater than the largest diameter of the axles, so that thearms may be easily slipped over the ends of the axles. The arms are heldin position by means of the side walls 28 of the lining, as will bereadily understood by reference to Fig. 2 of the drawings.

It is noted that the spacings of the abutments 23 from the circularplane in which the hammers 31 rotate are gradually reduced downward. Theadvantage of this is that the ore will be broken into more minutefragments at the lower abutments than at the higher abutments so as toinsure against relatively large pieces of the ore getting between thelining 22 and hammers.

In order to prevent dust and grit collect ing on the central axles andto provide a means for carrying off the dust and tailings through thespout 21, I introduce into the crushing chamber a blast of air. This isdone by forming in the side walls 10 and 11 of the upper casing section,the circular passages 35, said passages being created by offsetting thewalls as best shown in Fig. 4. The lower ends of the passages arecircularly enlarged as at 36, and the lining is formed with an annularseries of openings 37 around the hub and opposed to each of saidcircularly enlarged portions 36 Pipes 38 are connected at their upperends to the air passages 35, and when air is forced into these pipes, itpasses through the passages 35 into the enlarged portions 36 thereof andthen through the openings 37 into the crushing chamber 9 immediatelyaround the hub,

and from this point the air radiates outwardly between the arms 33, andcarries away from the hub all dust and dirt which would tend to collectthereon and cause excessive wear on the axles and arms. This air may beforced into' the casing 9 or the suction which is set up by the rapidrotation of the hub and grinding mechanism may be depended upon "to drawin a sufficient quantity of air for the purpose indicated. The uppersection of the casing 1 is provided with an abutment 39 above theopening 19. This abutment has a horizontal lower face 40 which extends aconsiderable distance toward the vertical center line of the crushingchamber, and isprovided with an upwardlyand outwardly inclined face 41,which extends toward the feed opening 16. The abutment prevents the airwhich is drawn into the casing passing upwardly out of the opening 16,and serves to direct said air into the discharge spout 21. The currentof air will serve to carry the dust out of this discharge spout and willalso assist in drawing the tailings through the dis charge spot 21.

The ore as it is fedinto the crushing chamber through the opening 16comes in contact with the rapidly revolving spherical hammers 31 and isthrown against the plate abutments 23 and broken into smaller pieces.

From the abutments 23 the partly crushed ore travels downwardly alongthe concave grinding surface and is crushed and pulverized by the actionof the hammers, and also by the attrition which is caused. When a heavylump of ore strikes the hammers at its point of entrance into thecrushing chamber, it forces the hammer immediately under it backwardlyagainst the next following hammer, and thenthe combined weight and forceof these two hammers act to throw the ore with increased power againstthe abutments 23. The hammers are very heavy and usually act to crushtheore before it strikes the. abutments 23. It will be noted that thesehammers are free to revolve, and that they also have a movementlongitudinally of the arms by which they are carried, and this is veryimportant because it some times happens that a large lump of ore willpass down onto the concave grinding surface, and the hammer must moveinwardly in passing over this piece of ore, for otherwise the machinewill be strained. The arms themselves have a slight longitudinalmovement, and this also reduces the strain and jar upon the crushingmechanism. When the crushed and pulverized ore reaches the screen 7 theheavy concentrates will drop through, but the tailings and the dust willbe carried on upwardly by the current of air which enters through theopenings 37, and will pass through the screen 20. The spout 8 isconnected to a closed tank, therefore there is no air current to drawthe tailings and dust through this spout, but the spout 21 is connectedto an open tank and-hence the air current is not brokewor'destroyed.

It will be noted that the arms are both interchangeable and reversible,and also that the axles are interchangeable and reversible. Thisfeatures is of advantage since it is possible by changing and reversingthe parts to have them all wear alike, and as it also reduces the numberof different formations which must be made when the machine is beingmanufactured. In other Words, it both increases the life of the machineand reduces the cost of manufacture.

In Figs. 9 and 10 I have shown a modified form of crusher and pulverizerwherein the screens 7 and 20 have been dispensed with. In these figures,40 designates as an entirety the casing which is preferably formed Witha base 41 here shown as a single member which member is in sections soas to be more easily and conveniently handled. The upper portion of thecasing is formed by a plurality of sections 42 secured together by bolts43 passing through cars 44. The end Walls of the casing are designatedby the numerals 45 and 46. A shaft 47 extends longitudinally through thecasing and carries a plurality of hubs 48 to which are secured aplurality of cylindrical hammers 49 by means of arms 50. The hammers 49are connected to the hubs in the same fashion as the hammers 31 areconnected to their hubs. The casing is divided into a plurality ofcompartments by the partitions 51 and one hub and set of hammers isarranged to rotate in each of the compartments. The end wall 45 isformed with an air passage 52 in communication at its upper end with alumps reduced somewhat.

supply pipe 53, the passage through which is controlled by a stop cook54. Air is forced through the passage 52 into the interior of the casingthrough the openings 55 in the lining 56 and a suction pump 57 isprovided for the purpose of drawing the air through the casing. Thepartitions stopshort of the bottom of the casing leavinga passage 58best shown in Fig. 9 through which the pulverized ore is sucked. Thespeed at which the material passes through the crusher may be regulatedby means of the stop cock 54 which controls the flow of air into thecasing. This form of pulverizer and crusher may be adjusted to dividethe ore into very fine particles and the degree of fineness may bevaried by regulating the force of the suc tion set up within thecasing.

Ore is fed into the machine through the hopper 59 and is .fed by thefirst annular series of hammers 49 and the size of the Then the orepasses into the next compartment and is further crushed by the secondannular series of hammers, and this process is repeated until the lastcompartment is reached and from here ore is sucked out through thedischarge opening 60. The pump will operate to draw water through themachine as well as air.

What I claim is:

1. In a crushing machine, a casing, crushing mechanism operable withinsaid casing, the casing being formed with air channels in its walls,said channels opening upon the interior of the casing adjacent thecenter thereof, and means for introducing air into the outer ends of thechannels.

2. In a crushing machine, a casing,'crush ing mechanism operable withinsaid casing, a channel formed in one side wall of the casing and openingat its inner end upon the interior of the casing near the center lineofthe crushing mechanism, a lining within the casing, said lining beingperforated opposite the inner end of the channel to establishcommunication between said channel and the interior of the casing, andmeans whereby air may be forced into the outer end of the channel.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at Los Angeles,California, this 18th day of December, 1914.

CHARLES O. HASKELL. In presence of- LORA M. BOWERS, ANNA F.SCHMIDTBAU'ER.

